Compositions containing isosorbide monoester and alcohols that contain at least one aromatic group

ABSTRACT

Compositions comprising isosorbide monoesters and alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group 
     What are described are compositions comprising 
     a) one or more compounds of the formula (I) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             in which 
             R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, and
 
b) one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group.
 
           
         
       
    
     The compositions are distinguished in particular by an advantageous antimicrobial activity.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising isosorbide monoesters and one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group. These compositions may be, for example, cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, or else compositions which, for example, may be used for producing cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions. Furthermore, they may also be crop protection formulations, washing and cleaning compositions or paints and coatings. The present invention also relates to the use of compositions comprising isosorbide monoesters and one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group for preserving cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing and cleaning compositions or paints and coatings.

In industry, preservatives or biocides are used to protect products such as, for example, cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing and cleaning compositions or paints and coatings against microbial attack. Numerous preservatives which can be used for this purpose are known. It is known, for example, that alcohols having aromatic groups such as phenoxyethanol can be used to this end.

However, many preservatives have the disadvantage that, frequently, their preparation is expensive and based on synthetic raw materials. In addition, their preserving action frequently requires improvement, with high use concentrations being required for satisfactory preservation.

Accordingly, it was an object of the present invention to provide compositions having an advantageous preservation performance or advantageous stability to microbial attack and which are furthermore distinguished by the advantage that they are based at least in part on renewable raw materials.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that this object is achieved by compositions comprising

a) one or more compounds of the formula (I)

-   -   in which     -   R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5         to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon         atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated         alkenyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly         preferably 7 carbon atoms, and         b) one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group.

Accordingly, the invention provides compositions comprising

a) one or more compounds of the formula (I)

-   -   in which     -   R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5         to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon         atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated         alkenyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly         preferably 7 carbon atoms, and         b) one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group.

The compositions according to the invention have very good preservation performance or very good stability to microbial attack, in particular against yeasts and fungi, and owing to the presence of the compounds of the formula (I) are also based on renewable raw materials. Since the compounds of the formula (I) increase the preservative effect of alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group in some cases even synergistically, in particular against yeasts and fungi, the use concentration of the alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group based on synthetic raw materials can be reduced significantly, while maintaining an excellent antimicrobial effect of the compositions according to the invention or excellent stability of the compositions according to the invention to microbial attack, in particular to yeasts and fungi.

Compared to the use of organic acids as preservatives, the compositions according to the invention also have the advantage of an activity or stability to microbial attack, in particular to yeasts and fungi, over a wider pH range. Whereas organic acids frequently only have good activity in the pH range from 3.5 to 6, the compositions according to the invention can also be employed advantageously at higher pH.

Compositions, for example cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, comprising esters based on renewable raw materials are already known.

WO 2010/108738 A2 (Evonik) describes formulations which are used to clean and care for human or animal body parts and comprise sorbitancarboxylic esters, where the carboxylic acid portion of the sorbitancarboxylic ester is derived from a carboxylic acid containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms and the sorbitancarboxylic esters have a hydroxyl value of more than 350, and the use of the sorbitancarboxylic esters mentioned as viscosity regulators, care ingredient, foam booster or solubilizer in cleaning or care formulations.

DE 10 2009 022 444 (Clariant) describes liquid compositions comprising sorbitan monocaprylate and other antimicrobially active compounds, and also their use for preserving cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical products.

DE 10 2009 022 445 (Clariant) discloses liquid compositions comprising sorbitan monocaprylate and alcohol, for example aromatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenoxypropanol (or propylene phenoxyethanol) and phenethyl alcohol and their use for preserving cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical products.

JP 8173787 (A) (Lion) describes a composition comprising a surfactant comprising a fatty ester of dehydrated sorbitol, and the use as oil-in-water emulsifier and as cleaner base. The compositions may comprise mono- or diesters of caprylic and/or caprinic acid with a polyol selected from the group consisting of 1,5-sorbitan, 1,4-sorbitan and isosorbide.

JP 8187070 (A) (Lion) discloses a mixture of fatty acid monoesters of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acids and at least one polyol selected from sorbitol, 1,5-sorbitan, 1,4-sorbitan and isosorbide and fatty acid diesters of these fatty acids and polyols in a weight ratio of monoester:diester of 33:7 to 9:1 as antimicrobially active compound against bacteria for food or beverages.

Compounds of components a) and b) of the compositions according to the invention are commercially available or can be produced by methods known to the person skilled in the art. For example, the compounds of the formula (I) can be prepared by esterification of isosorbide by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art, with both isosorbide for its part and also the acid component used for esterification once more being commercially available.

Preferably, the radical R in the one or more compounds of the formula (I) is a straight-chain saturated alkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms.

Particularly preferably, the radical R in the one or more compounds of the formula (I) is a straight-chain saturated alkyl radical having 7 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the one or more substances of component b) are selected from among compounds of the formula (II)

in which

X is O or CH₂, Y is H, CH₃, OH or OCH₃,

Z is H or a halogen atom, where the halogen atom is preferably selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br, preferably of Cl and Br, and is particularly preferably Cl, and the compound of the formula (II) may contain 1 to 4 halogen atoms Z, and R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group which contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms and in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms may be replaced by hydroxyl groups (OH groups) or is a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated, preferably monounsaturated, alkenyl group which contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxyl groups (OH groups). Z in the formula (II) is preferably H. Y in the formula (II) is preferably H.

Particularly preferably, the one or more substances of component b) are selected from the group consisting of phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenoxypropanol and phenethyl alcohol.

In the context of the present invention, “phenoxypropanol” is to be understood as meaning both the compound having the n-propanol radical and the compound having the isopropanol radical.

Especially preferably, the substance of component b) is phenoxyethanol.

Most preferably, the radical R in the one or more compounds of the formula (I) is a straight-chain saturated alkyl radical having 7 carbon atoms, and the substance of component b) is phenoxyethanol.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention comprise

-   I) from 0.05 to 0.7, preferably from 0.1 to 0.7 and particularly     preferably from 0.2 to 0.5 parts by weight of isosorbide and -   II) from 0.1 to 1.0, preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 and particularly     preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 parts by weight of isosorbide diester of     the formula

-   -   where R has the meaning given for formula (I) and where the         isosorbide diester is preferably isosorbide dicaprylate,         in each case based on 1.0 part by weight of the one or more         compounds of the formula (I) and preferably based on 1.0 part by         weight of isosorbide monocaprylate.

In an embodiment, which is in turn preferred, of this embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention comprise either no carboxylic acid RCOOH or up to 0.1, preferably 0.001 to 0.05 and particularly preferably 0.002 to 0.01 parts by weight of carboxylic acid RCOOH, where R has the meaning given for formula (I) and where the carboxylic acid is preferably caprylic acid, based on 1.0 part by weight of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) and preferably based on 1.0 part by weight of isosorbide monocaprylate.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention additionally comprise one or more sorbitan esters of sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH, preferably selected from sorbitan esters from 1,4- and/or 1,5-sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH where R^(a) is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon atoms, and where the weight ratio of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) to the one or more sorbitan esters just mentioned is from 70:30 to 100:0, preferably from 80:20 to 100:0, particularly preferably from 90:10 to 100:0 and especially preferably from 95:5 to 100:0. The stated weight ratio of “100:0” means that in this preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention do not need to comprise any sorbitan ester.

From among the compositions according to the invention just mentioned, preference is given to those in which the one or more sorbitan esters of sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH are selected from sorbitan esters of sorbitan and caprylic acid and are preferably selected from sorbitan esters of 1,4- and/or 1,5-sorbitan and caprylic acid and the sorbitan ester is particularly preferably sorbitan monocaprylate.

In these compositions, the hydroxyl value of the mixture of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) and the one or more (if present) sorbitan esters of sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH is preferably smaller than or equal to 320, particularly preferably smaller than or equal to 285, especially preferably smaller than or equal to 245 and most preferably smaller than or equal to 225.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention comprise, in addition to the one or more compounds of the formula (I), one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, sorbitol esters (sorbitol esters can be mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and/or hexaesters), sorbitan, sorbitan esters (sorbitan esters can be mono-, di-, tri- and/or tetraesters), isosorbide, isosorbide diesters and carboxylic acids. “Sorbitan” can be, for example, 1,4- or 1,5-sorbitan. Both the carboxylic acids themselves and the carboxylic acids on which the acid components of the esters mentioned are based correspond to the formula RCOOH in which R has the meaning given for formula (I) and is preferably a straight-chain saturated alkyl radical having 7 carbon atoms, i.e. the carboxylic acid RCOOH is preferably caprylic acid. In the preferred embodiment of the invention described herein, the hydroxyl value of the mixture of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) and the one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, sorbitol esters, sorbitan, sorbitan esters, isosorbide, isosorbide diesters and carboxylic acids is smaller than or equal to 320, preferably smaller than or equal to 285, particularly preferably smaller than or equal to 245 and especially preferably smaller than or equal to 225.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention do not comprise any compounds selected from sorbitol and sorbitol esters.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention do not comprise any compounds selected from sorbitan and sorbitan esters.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention comprise the one or more compounds of component a) in amounts of from 10.0 to 90.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 20.0 to 80.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 30.0 to 70.0% by weight and especially preferably in amounts of from 40.0 to 60.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) in amounts of from 10.0 to 90.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 20.0 to 80.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 30.0 to 70.0% by weight and especially preferably in amounts of from 40.0 to 60.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition.

The compositions according to the invention just mentioned, which comprise the compounds of component a) and the substances of component b) in relatively high amounts, may be, for example, compositions or “premixes” which can be used, for example, for producing cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing or cleaning compositions or paints and coatings.

If these compositions or premixes according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 3.0% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 1.0% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.5% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition or premix according to the invention.

If these compositions or premixes according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 10.0% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 5.0% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 1% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition or premix according to the invention.

In particular in the case that the compositions or premixes according to the invention comprise small amounts of the one or more substances of component b), they can be solid at room temperature (25° C.). Preferably, however, the compositions according to the invention are liquid at room temperature (25° C.). In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment of the invention, these compositions or premixes according to the invention comprise, in addition to the compounds of component a) and the substances of component b), one or more nonaromatic alcohols, the latter preferably being selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and glycerol.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions or premixes according to the invention consist of the compounds of component a) and the compounds of component b), where, however, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, depending on the preparation of the compounds of component a), additionally one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, sorbitol esters, sorbitan, sorbitan esters, isosorbide, isosorbide diesters and carboxylic acids RCOOH may be present. Preferably, these compositions or premixes according to the invention comprise at least 50% by weight of the one or more compounds of component a), based on the total weight of these compositions or premixes according to the invention, without the one or more compounds of component b) being taken into account.

The pH of these compositions or premixes according to the invention, measured as a 5% by weight strength solution in ethanol/water (weight ratio ethanol:water 1:1) is preferably 2 to 9, particularly preferably 4 to 8 and especially preferably 5.5 to 7.5.

A further advantage of the compositions according to the invention and in particular the compositions or premixes according to the invention just mentioned is that, in addition to the very good preserving action, they also display an advantageous action as thickeners.

The hydroxyl value of a substance is to be understood as meaning the amount of KOH in mg equivalent to the amount of acetic acid bound during the acetylation of 1 g of substance.

Suitable determination methods for determining the hydroxyl value are, for example, DGF C-V 17 a (53), Ph. Eur. 2.5.3 Method A and DIN 53240.

In the context of the present invention, the hydroxyl values are determined analogously to DIN 53240-2. Here, the following procedure is adopted: 1 g, accurate to 0.1 mg, of the homogenized sample to be measured is weighed out. 20.00 ml of acetylation mixture (acetylation mixture: 50 ml of acetic anhydride are stirred into 11 of pyridine) are added. The sample is dissolved completely in the acetylation mixture, if required with stirring and heating. 5 ml of catalyst solution (catalyst solution: 2 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine are dissolved in 100 ml of pyridine) are added. The reaction vessel is closed and placed into the water bath, preheated to 55° C., for 10 minutes, with mixing. 10 ml of fully deionized water are then added to the reaction solution, the reaction vessel is closed again and the mixture is once more allowed to react in the water bath with shaking for 10 minutes. The sample is then cooled to room temperature (25° C.). 50 ml of 2-propanol and 2 drops of phenolphthalein are then added. This solution is titrated with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (aqueous sodium hydroxide solution c=0.5 mol/l) (Va). Under identical conditions, but without any sample added, the efficacy of the acetylation mixture is determined (Vb).

From the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution consumed in the determination of the efficacy and the titration of the sample, the hydroxyl value (OHV) is calculated using the following formula:

${OHV} = \frac{\left( {{Vb} - {Va}} \right) \cdot c \cdot t \cdot M}{E}$

OHV=hydroxyl value in mg KOH/g substance Va=aqueous sodium hydroxide solution consumed in ml during the titration of the sample Vb=aqueous sodium hydroxide solution consumed in ml during the titration of efficacy c=molar concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in mol/l t=titer of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution M=molar mass of KOH=56.11 g/mol E=sample weighed out in g

(Vb−Va) is the amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution used in ml, which is equivalent to the amount of acetic acid bound during the above-described acetylation of the sample to be measured.

Hereinbelow, the method just described for determining the hydroxyl value is referred to as “method OHV-A”.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing and cleaning compositions or paints and coatings.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing and cleaning compositions or paints and coatings according to the invention can be prepared from the premixes according to the invention. However, alternatively they can also be prepared by separate use of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) and the one or more substances of component b).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions. These cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions are described below.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise the one or more compounds of component a) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters. However, if the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.06% by weight, most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.01% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters. However, if the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.4% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.2% by weight, most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention have viscosities preferably in the range from 50 to 200 000 mPa·s, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 100 000 mPa·s, especially preferably in the range from 2 000 to 50 000 mPa·s and most preferably in the range from 5 000 to 30 000 mPa·s (20° C., Brookfield RVT, RV spindle set at 20 revolutions per minute).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are present in the form of fluids, gels, foams, sprays, lotions or creams.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are preferably formulated on an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic basis or are present as solutions, emulsions or dispersions. Particularly preferably, they are present as emulsions, and especially preferably they are present as oil-in-water emulsions.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are present as oil-in-water emulsions and preferably comprise, based on the total weight of the compositions,

-   a) up to 95.0% by weight, preferably 49.49 to 95.0% by weight,     particularly preferably 68.9 to 90.0% by weight, especially     preferably 70.0 to 85.0% by weight, of an aqueous phase or an     aqueous-alcoholic phase, -   b) up to 70.0% by weight, preferably 4.49 to 50.0% by weight,     particularly preferably 8.9 to 30.0% by weight, especially     preferably 13.5 to 25.0% by weight, of an oil phase, -   c) up to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10.0% by weight,     particularly preferably 0.05 to 5.0% by weight, especially     preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a composition comprising one or     more compounds of the formula (I) and one or more alcohols     comprising at least one aromatic group, where the composition     comprises the compounds and alcohols mentioned in an amount of     preferably 30% by weight or more, particularly preferably 40% by     weight or more and especially preferably 50% by weight or more,     where furthermore the weight ratio of compounds of the formula     (I):alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group is preferably     from 90.0:10.0 to 10.0:90.0 and particularly preferably from     80.0:20.0 to 20.0:80.0 and where the composition is furthermore     preferably a premix according to the invention and -   d) up to 20.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10.0% by weight,     particularly preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably     1.0 to 3.0% by weight, of one or more further additives.

Preferably, the one or more further additives in the oil-in-water of emulsions just mentioned is/are selected from the group consisting of emulsifiers, coemulsifiers, solubilizers, active ingredients, sun protection filters, pigments and antimicrobially active compounds.

All mono- or polyhydric alcohols are suitable for the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention on an aqueous-alcoholic or else alcoholic basis. Preference is given to using alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol or glycerol, and also alkylene glycols, in particular propylene glycol, butylene glycol or hexylene glycol, and mixtures of said alcohols. Further preferred alcohols are polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular mass below 2000. Particular preference is given to using ethanol or isopropanol.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise one or more oils.

Advantageously, the oils may be selected from the groups of the triglycerides, natural and synthetic fatty substances, preferably esters of fatty acids with alcohols having a low carbon number, for example with methanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol or glycerol, or esters of fatty alcohols with alkanoic acids having a low carbon number or with fatty acids or from the group of the alkyl benzoates, and also natural or synthetic hydrocarbon oils.

Suitable are triglycerides of straight-chain or branched saturated or unsaturated, optionally hydroxylated C₈-C₃₀-fatty acids, in particular vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, rice oil, jojoba oil, babassu oil, pumpkin oil, grapeseed oil, sesame oil, walnut oil, apricot oil, orange oil, wheatgerm oil, peach kernel oil, macadamia oil, avocado oil, sweet almond oil, lady's smock oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil and coconut oil, and also synthetic triglyceride oils, for example the commercial product Myritol® 318. Hydrogenated triglycerides are also suitable. Oils of animal origin, for example beef tallow, perhydrosqualene, lanolin, can also be used.

A further class of preferred oily substances comprises the benzoic acid esters of linear or branched C₈₋₂₂-alkanols, for example the commercial products Finsolv® SB (isostearyl benzoate), Finsolv® TN(C₁₂-C₁₅-alkyl benzoate) and Finsolv® EB (ethylhexyl benzoate).

A further class of preferred oily substances comprises the dialkyl ethers having in total 12 to 36 carbon atoms, in particular having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, such as, for example, di-n-octyl ether (Cetiol® OE), di-n-nonyl ether, di-n-decyl ether, di-n-undecyl ether, di-n-dodecyl ether, n-hexyl n-octyl ether, n-octyl n-decyl ether, n-decyl n-undecyl ether, n-undecyl n-dodecyl ether and n-hexyl n-undecyl ether, di-3-ethyldecyl ether, tert-butyl n-octyl ether, isopentyl n-octyl ether and 2-methylpentyl n-octyl ether, and also di-tert-butyl ether and diisopentyl ether.

Branched saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols having 6-30 carbon atoms, e.g. isostearyl alcohol, and Guerbet alcohols, are likewise suitable.

A further class of preferred oily substances comprises hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters. Preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters are full esters of glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid. Further esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids which are suitable in principle are esters of β-hydroxypropionic acid, of tartronic acid, of D-gluconic acid, sugar acid, mucic acid or glucuronic acid. Suitable alcohol components of these esters are primary straight-chain or branched aliphatic alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Here, the esters of C₁₂-C₁₅-fatty alcohols are particularly preferred. Esters of this type are commercially available, e.g. under the trade name Cosmacol® from EniChem, Augusta Industriale.

A further class of preferred oily substances comprises dicarboxylic acid esters of straight-chain or branched C₂-C₁₀-alkanols, such as di-n-butyl adipate (Cetiol® B), di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate and di(2-ethylhexyl)succinate, and also diol esters, such as ethylene glycol dioleate, ethylene glycol diisotridecanoate, propylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate), propylene glycol diisostearate, propylene glycol dipelargonate, butanediol diisostearate and neopentyl glycol dicaprylate, and also diisotridecyl azelate.

Likewise preferred oily substances are symmetrical, asymmetrical or cyclic esters of carbonic acid with fatty alcohols, glycerol carbonate or dicaprylyl carbonate (Cetiol® CC).

A further class of preferred oily substances comprises the esters of dimers of unsaturated C₁₂-C₂₂-fatty acids (dimer fatty acids) with monohydric straight-chain, branched or cyclic C₂-C₁₈-alkanols or with polyhydric straight-chain or branched C₂-C₆-alkanols.

A further class of preferred oily substances comprises hydrocarbon oils, for example those with straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₇-C₄₀-carbon chains, for example Vaseline, dodecane, isododecane, cholesterol, lanolin, synthetic hydrocarbons such as polyolefins, in particular polyisobutene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, polydecane, and hexadecane, isohexadecane, paraffin oils, isoparaffin oils, for example the commercial products of the Permethyl® series, squalane, squalene, and alicyclic hydrocarbons, for example the commercial product 1,3-di(2-ethylhexyl)cyclohexane (Cetiol® S), ozokerite, and ceresine.

Also suitable are silicone oils and silicone waxes, preferably dimethylpolysiloxanes and cyclomethicones, polydialkylsiloxanes R₃SiO(R₂SiO)_(x)SiR₃, where R is methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, and x is a number from 2 to 500, for example the dimethicones available under the trade names VICASIL (General Electric Company), DOW CORNING 200, DOW CORNING 225, DOW CORNING 200 (Dow Corning Corporation), and also the dimethicones available under SilCare® Silicone 41M65, SilCare® Silicone 41M70, SilCare® Silicone 41M80 (Clariant), stearyldimethylpolysiloxane, C₂₀-C₂₄-alkyldimethylpolysiloxane, C₂₄-C₂₈-alkyldimethylpolysiloxane; but also the methicones available under SilCare® Silicone 41M40, SilCare® Silicone 41M50 (Clariant), furthermore trimethylsiloxysilicates [(CH₂)₃SiO)_(1/2)]_(x)[SiO₂]_(y), where x is a number from 1 to 500 and y is a number from 1 to 500, dimethiconols R₃SiO[R₂SiO]_(x)SiR₂OH and HOR₂SiO[R₂SiO]_(x)SiR₂OH, where R is methyl or ethyl and x is a number up to 500, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, for example the polymethylphenylsiloxanes available under the trade names SF 1075 METHYLPHENYL FLUID (General Electric Company) and 556 COSMETIC GRADE PHENYL TRIMETHICONE FLUID (Dow Corning Corporation), polydiarylsiloxanes, silicone resins, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty-acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine- and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, and also polyether siloxane copolymers.

As further auxiliaries and additives, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise, for example, waxes, emulsifiers, co-emulsifiers, solubilizers, electrolytes, hydroxy acids, stabilizers, cationic polymers, film formers, further thickeners, gelling agents, superfattening agents, refattening agents, further antimicrobially active compounds, biogenic active compounds, astringents, deodorizing compounds sun protection filters, antioxidants, moisturizers, solvents, colorants, pearlizing agents, fragrances, opacifiers and/or silicones.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise waxes, for example paraffin waxes, microwaxes and ozokerites, beeswax and its partial fractions, and also beeswax derivatives, waxes from the group of homopolymeric polyethylenes or copolymers of α-olefins, and natural waxes such as rice wax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax or shellac wax.

Emulsifiers, coemulsifiers and solubilizers which can be used are nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric surface-active compounds.

Suitable nonionic surface-active compounds are preferably:

addition products of from 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 1 to 5 mol of propylene oxide onto linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, onto fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, onto alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and onto sorbitan or sorbitol esters; (C₁₂-C₁₈)-fatty acid mono- and diesters of addition products of from 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide onto glycerol; glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms and optionally ethylene oxide addition products thereof; addition products of from 15 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide onto castor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil; polyol and in particular polyglycerol esters, such as, for example, polyglycerol polyricinoleate and polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate. Ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty acid amides, fatty acid alkanolamides and mixtures of compounds of two or more of these substance classes are likewise preferably suitable.

Suitable ionogenic coemulsifiers are, for example, anionic emulsifiers, such as mono-, di- or triphosphoric acid esters, soaps (e.g. sodium stearate), fatty alcohol sulfates, but also cationic emulsifiers such as mono-, di- and trialkyl quats and polymeric derivatives thereof.

Available amphoteric emulsifiers are preferably alkylaminoalkylcarboxylic acids, betaines, sulfobetaines and imidazoline derivatives.

Particular preference is given to using fatty alcohol ethoxylates selected from the group of ethoxylated stearyl alcohols, isostearyl alcohols, cetyl alcohols, isocetyl alcohols, oleyl alcohols, lauryl alcohols, isolauryl alcohols and cetylstearyl alcohols, in particular polyethylene glycol(13) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(14) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(15) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(16) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(17) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(18) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(19) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(20) stearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(12) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(13) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(14) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(15) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(16) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(17) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(18) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(19) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(20) isostearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(13) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(14) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(15) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(16) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(17) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(18) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(19) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(20) cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(13) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(14) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(15) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(16) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(17) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(18) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(19) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(20) isocetyl ether, polyethylene glycol(12) oleyl ether, polyethylene glycol(13) oleyl ether, polyethylene glycol(14) oleyl ether, polyethylene glycol(15) oleyl ether, polyethylene glycol(12) lauryl ether, polyethylene glycol(12) isolauryl ether, polyethylene glycol(13) cetylstearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(14) cetylstearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(15) cetylstearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(16) cetylstearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(17) cetylstearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(18) cetylstearyl ether, polyethylene glycol(19) cetylstearyl ether.

Fatty acid ethoxylates selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated stearates, isostearates and oleates, in particular polyethylene glycol(20) stearate, polyethylene glycol(21) stearate, polyethylene glycol(22) stearate, polyethylene glycol(23) stearate, polyethylene glycol(24) stearate, polyethylene glycol(25) stearate, polyethylene glycol(12) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(13) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(14) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(15) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(16) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(17) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(18) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(19) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(20) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(21) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(22) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(23) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(24) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(25) isostearate, polyethylene glycol(12) oleate, polyethylene glycol(13) oleate, polyethylene glycol(14) oleate, polyethylene glycol(15) oleate, polyethylene glycol(16) oleate, polyethylene glycol(17) oleate, polyethylene glycol(18) oleate, polyethylene glycol(19) oleate, polyethylene glycol(20)oleate, are likewise preferred.

Sodium laureth-11 carboxylate can advantageously be used as ethoxylated alkylether carboxylic acid or salts thereof.

Ethoxylated triglycerides which can be used advantageously are polyethylene glycol(60) evening primrose glycerides.

It is furthermore advantageous to select the polyethylene glycol glycerol fatty acid esters from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol(20) glyceryl laurate, polyethylene glycol(6) glyceryl caprate/caprinate, polyethylene glycol(20) glyceryl oleate, polyethylene glycol(20) glyceryl isostearate and polyethylene glycol(18) glyceryl oleate/cocoate.

From among the ethoxylated sorbitan esters, polyethylene glycol(20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyethylene glycol(20) sorbitan monostearate, polyethylene glycol(20) sorbitan monoisostearate, polyethylene glycol(20) sorbitan monopalmitate, polyethylene glycol(20) sorbitan monooleate are particularly suitable.

Particularly advantageous coemulsifiers are glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, diglyceryl monostearate, glyceryl isostearate, polyglyceryl-3 oleate, polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate, polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate, polyglyceryl-4 dipolyhydroxystearate, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, diisostearoyl polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate, glycol distearate and polyglyceryl-3 dipolyhydroxystearate, sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan oleate, sucrose distearate, lecithin, PEG-7-hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, isobehenyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol(2) stearyl ether (steareth-2), alkylmethicone copolyols and alkyldimethicone copolyols, in particular cetyldimethicone copolyol (ABIL® EM 90), laurylmethicone copolyol or amodimethicone glycerocarbamate (SilCare® Silicone WSI, Clariant).

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of emulsifiers, coemulsifiers and solubilizers, this one substance or these two or more substances is/are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Suitable for use as electrolyte are inorganic salts, preferably ammonium salts or metal salts, particularly preferably of halides, for example CaCl₂, MgCl₂, LiCl, KCl and NaCl, carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, sulfates, nitrates, especially preferably sodium chloride, and/or organic salts, preferably ammonium salts or metal salts, particularly preferably of glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, retinoic acid, sulfonic acids, benzoic acid, kojic acid, fruit acid, malic acid, gluconic acid or galacturonic acid.

These also include aluminum salts, preferably aluminum chlorohydrate or aluminum-zirconium complex salts.

Accordingly, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic salts.

As electrolytes, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may also comprise mixtures of different salts.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more electrolytes, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.01 to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more hydroxy acids, particularly preferably one or more substances selected from the group consisting of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids.

As hydroxy acids, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may preferably comprise lactic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid and alkylated salicylic acids or citric acid. The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may additionally comprise further acidic components. Suitable active compounds are tartaric acid, mandelic acid, caffeic acid, pyruvic acid, oligooxamono- and -dicarboxylic acids, fumaric acid, retinoic acid, sulfonic acids, benzoic acid, kojic acid, fruit acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, pyruvic acid, galacturonic acid, ribonic acid, and all their derivatives, polyglycoldioic acids in free or partially neutralized form, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin C derivatives, dihydroxyacetone or skin-whitening actives such as arbutin or glycyrrhetic acid and salts thereof. If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more of these substances just mentioned, this one substance or these two or more substances is/are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.2 to 10.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention therefore comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of vitamin C and vitamin C derivatives, where the vitamin C derivatives are preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium ascorbylphosphate, magnesium ascorbylphosphate and magnesium ascorbylglucoside.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention therefore comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid and paramethoxybenzoic acid. The organic acids mentioned above may serve as further preservatives.

Stabilizers which can be used in the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are metal salts of fatty acids, such as, for example, magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate and/or zinc stearate. If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more of these substances just mentioned, this one substance or these two or more substances is/are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 8.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Suitable cationic polymers are those known under the INCI name “polyquaternium”, in particular polyquaternium-31, polyquaternium-16, polyquaternium-24, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-22, polyquaternium-39, polyquaternium-28, polyquaternium-2, polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-11, and polyquaternium 37&mineral oil&PPG trideceth (Salcare SC95), PVP-dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, guar hydroxypropyltriammonium chlorides, and calcium alginate and ammonium alginate. Furthermore, use may be made of cationic cellulose derivatives; cationic starch; copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides; quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole polymers; condensation products of polyglycols and amines; quaternized collagen polypeptides; quaternized wheat polypeptides; polyethyleneimines; cationic silicone polymers, such as, for example, amidomethicones; copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine; polyaminopolyamide and cationic chitin derivatives, such as, for example, chitosan.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more of the cationic polymers mentioned above, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Furthermore, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise film formers which, depending on the intended use, are selected from salts of phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid, water-soluble polyurethanes, for example C₁₀-polycarbamyl polyglyceryl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers, for example vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer, or PVP/eicosene copolymers, maleinated polypropylene polymers, water-soluble acrylic acid polymers/copolymers and esters or salts thereof, for example partial ester copolymers of acrylic/methacrylic acid, water-soluble cellulose, for example hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, water-soluble quaterniums, polyquaterniums, carboxyvinyl polymers, such as carbomers and salts thereof, polysaccharides, for example polydextrose and glucan, vinyl acetate/crotonate, for example available under the trade name Aristoflex® A 60 (Clariant).

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more film-formers, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

The desired viscosity of the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions can be established by adding further thickeners and gelling agents. Suitable are preferably cellulose ethers and other cellulose derivatives (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose), gelatin, starch and starch derivatives, sodium alginates, fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters, agar, carrageenan, tragacanth or dextrin derivatives, in particular dextrin esters. Furthermore suitable are metal salts of fatty acids, preferably having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, for example sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, sodium laurate, sodium arachidates, sodium behenate, potassium stearate, potassium palmitate, sodium myristate, aluminum monostearate, hydroxy fatty acids, for example 12-hydroxystearic acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoyl acid; fatty acid amides; fatty acid alkanolamides; dibenzalsorbitol and alcohol-soluble polyamides and polyacrylamides or mixtures of such. Use may furthermore be made of crosslinked and uncrosslinked polyacrylates such as carbomers, sodium polyacrylates or polymers containing sulfonic acid, such as ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer or sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of further thickeners and gelling agents, this one substance or these two or more substances is/are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.01 to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, especially preferably in an amount of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in an amount of from 0.4 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Preferred for use as superfattening agents or refattening agents are lanolin and lecithin, non-ethoxylated and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters such as glyceryl oleate, mono-, di- and triglycerides and/or fatty acid alkanolamides, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers. If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more of the substances just mentioned, this one substance or these two or more substances is/are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more further antimicrobially active compounds and are preferably present in the form of disinfectant compositions and particularly preferably in the form of disinfectant gels.

Further antimicrobially active compounds employed may be cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, diisobutylethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, sodium N-lauryl-sarcosinate, sodium N-palmethylsarcosinate, lauroylsarcosine, N-myristoylglycine, potassium N-laurylsarcosine, trimethylammonium chloride, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxylactate, triethyl citrate, tricetylmethylammonium chloride, 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan), 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), diaminoalkylamide, for example L-lysine hexadecylamide, citrate heavy metal salts, salicylates, piroctoses, in particular zinc salts, pyrithiones and heavy metal salts thereof, in particular zinc pyrithione, zinc phenol sulfate, farnesol, ketoconazole, oxiconazole, bifonazole, butoconazole, cloconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, enilconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, miconazole, sulconazole, tioconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, terconazole, naftifine and terbinafine, selenium disulfide and Octopirox®, idopropynyl butylcarbamate, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, methyldibromoglutaronitrile, AgCl, chloroxylenol, Na salt of diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium benzoate, and parabens, preferably butyl, ethyl, methyl and propyl paraben, and Na salts thereof, pentanediol, 1,2-octane-diol, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, ethylhexylglycerol, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, imidazolidinylurea, diazolidinylurea, dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (DMDMH), Na salt of hydroxymethylglycinate, hydroxyethylglycine of sorbic acid and combinations of these active substances.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more further antimicrobially active compounds, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 3.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may furthermore comprise biogenic active compounds selected from plant extracts, such as, for example, aloe vera, and also local anesthetics, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, antiallergics, corticosteroids, sebostatics, Bisabolol®, allantoin, Phytantriol®, proteins, vitamins selected from niacin, biotin, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B3 derivatives (salts, acids, esters, amides, alcohols), vitamin C and vitamin C derivatives (salts, acids, esters, amides, alcohols), preferably as sodium salt of the monophosphoric acid ester of ascorbic acid or as magnesium salt of the phosphoric acid ester of ascorbic acid, tocopherol and tocopherol acetate, and also vitamin E and/or derivatives thereof.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more biogenic active compounds, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 3.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise astringents, preferably magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and zinc oxide, oxide hydrates, preferably aluminum oxide hydrate (boehmite) and hydroxides, preferably of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, zirconium or zinc, and also aluminum chlorohydrates. If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more astringents, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.001 to 50.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Preferred deodorizing substances are allantoin and bisabolol. If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more deodorizing substances, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.0001 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more substances selected from inorganic and organic UV filters and are particularly preferably present in the form of sun protection compositions.

As pigments/micropigments and as inorganic sun protection filters or UV filters, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise microfine titanium dioxide, mica/titanium oxide, iron oxides, mica/iron oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxides, ultramarine blue or chromium oxides

The organic sun protection filters or UV filters are preferably selected from the group consisting of 4-aminobenzoic acid, 3-(4′-trimethylammonium)benzylidene-boran-2-one methyl sulfate, camphorbenzalkonium methosulfate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its potassium, sodium and triethanolamine salts, 3,3′-(1,4-phenylenedimethine)bis(7,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methanesulfonic acid) and its salts, 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, 3-(4′-sulfo)benzylidenebornan-2-one and its salts, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, polymers of N-[2(and 4)-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidenemethyl)benzyl]acrylamide, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, ethoxylated ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate, 2,4,6-tris[p-(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2H-benzo-triazole-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-(2-methyl-3-(1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-(trimethyl-silyloxy)disiloxanyl)propyl)phenol, bis(2-ethylhexyl) 4,4′-[(6-[4((1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)aminocarbonyl)phenylamino]-1,3,5-triazin-2,4-yl)diimino]bisbenzoate, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4 (acid), 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)-D,L-camphor, 3-benzylidenecamphor, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (sulfisobenzone) and the sodium salt, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, N,N,N-trimethyl-4-(2-oxoborn-3-ylidenemethyl)anilium methyl sulfate, homosalate (INN), oxybenzone (INN), 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its sodium, potassium and triethanolamine salts, octylmethoxycinnamic acid, isopentyl-4-methoxycinnamic acid, isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamic acid, 2,4,6-trianilino(p-carbo-2′-ethylhexyl-1′-oxy)-1,3,5-triazine (octyltriazone) phenol, 2-2(2H-benzo-triazole-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-(2-methyl-3-(1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-(trimethyl-silyl)oxy)disiloxanyl)propyl(drometrizoletrisiloxane)benzoic acid, 4,4-((6-(((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)diimino)bis,bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester)benzoic acid, 4,4-((6-(((1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)amino)carbonyl)phenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)diimino)bis,bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester), 3-(4′-methylbenzylidene)-D,L-camphor (4-methylbenzyl-idenecamphor), benzylidenecamphorsulfonic acid, octocrylene, polyacrylamidomethylbenzylidenecamphor, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (octylsalicylate), ethyl-2-hexyl 4-di methylaminobenzoate (octyldimethyl PABA), PEG-25 PABA, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid (benzophenone-5) and the Na salt, 2,2′-methylenebis-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(tetramethylbutyl)-1,1,3,3-phenol, sodium salt of 2-2′-bis(1,4-phenylene)-1H-benzimidazole-4,6-disulfonic acid, (1,3,5)-triazine-2,4-bis((4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxy)phenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl), 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-2-propenoate, glyceryl octanoate, di-p-methoxycinnamic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid and esters thereof, 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, 4-(2-β-glucopyranoxy)propoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, octyl salicylate, methyl-2,5-diisopropylcinnamic acid, cinoxate, dihydroxydimethoxybenzophenone, disodium salt of 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-5,5′-disulfobenzophenone, dihydroxybenzophenone, 1,3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentanedione, 2-ethylhexyl dimethoxybenzylidenedioxoimidazolidinepropionate, methylenebisbenzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, phenyl dibenzimidazoletetrasulfonate, bis-ethylhexyl-oxyphenol methoxyphenol triazine, tetrahydroxybenzophenones, terephthalylidenedicamphorsulfonic acid, 2,4,6-tris[4,2-ethylhexyloxy-carbonyl)anilino}-1,3,5-triazine, methylbis(trimethylsiloxy)silylisopentyl-trimethoxycinnamic acid, amyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, amyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, isopropyl-p-methoxycinnamic acid/diisopropylcinnamic acid esters, 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and the trihydrate, and also 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonate sodium salt and phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more sun protection filters, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.001 to 30.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.05 to 20.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 1.0 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise one or more antioxidants, preferably selected from the group consisting of amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and derivatives thereof (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g., thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and the glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof), and also salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g. esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), and also sulfoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfones, penta-, hexa-, heptathionine sulfoximine) in very low tolerated doses, also (metal) chelating agents (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate), and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylideneglucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiacic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, zinc and derivatives thereof (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO₄), selenium and derivatives thereof (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide), superoxide dismutase and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these specified substances.

The antioxidants can protect the skin and the hair against oxidative stress. Preferred antioxidants here are vitamin E and derivatives thereof, and vitamin A and derivatives thereof.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more antioxidants, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.001 to 30.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.05 to 20.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 1.0 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Furthermore, humectants selected from the group consisting of the sodium salt of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate (NaPCA), guanidine; glycolic acid and salts thereof, lactic acid and salts thereof, glucosamines and salts thereof, lactamide monoethanolamine, acetamide monoethanolamine, urea, hydroxyethylurea, hydroxy acids, panthenol and derivatives thereof, for example D-panthenol (R-2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutamide), D,L-panthenol, calcium pantothenate, panthetine, pantotheine, panthenyl ethyl ether, isopropyl palmitate and/or glycerol may be employed. If the compositions according to the invention comprise one or more humectants, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 15.0% by weight and particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may additionally comprise organic solvents. In principle, suitable organic solvents are all mono- or polyhydric alcohols. Preference is given to using alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, glycerol and mixtures of said alcohols. Further preferred alcohols are polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular mass below 2000. In particular, a use of polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular mass between 200 and 600 and in amounts up to 45.0% by weight and of polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular mass between 400 and 600 in amounts of from 5.0 to 25.0% by weight is preferred. Further suitable solvents are, for example, triacetin (glycerol triacetate) and 1-methoxy-2-propanol.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may comprise one or more substances selected from colorants, e.g. dyes and/or pigments. The dyes and/or pigments present in the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, both organic and inorganic dyes and pigments, are selected from the corresponding positive list of the Cosmetics Regulations or the EC list of cosmetic colorants.

Chemical or other name CIN Color Pigment Green 10006 green Acid Green 1 10020 green 2,4-dinitrohydroxynaphthalene-7-sulfonic acid 10316 yellow Pigment Yellow 1 11680 yellow Pigment Yellow 3 11710 yellow Pigment Orange 1 11725 orange 2,4-dihydroxyazobenzene 11920 orange Solvent Red 3 12010 red 1-(2′-chloro-4′-nitro-1′-phenylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene 12085 red Pigment Red 3 12120 red Ceres Red; Sudan Red; Fat Red G 12150 red Pigment Red 112 12370 red Pigment Red 7 12420 red Pigment Brown 1 12480 brown 4-(2′-methoxy-5′-sulfonic acid diethylamide-1′- 12490 red phenylazo)-3-hydroxy-5″-chloro-2″,4″-dimethoxy-2-naphthoic anilide Disperse Yellow 16 12700 yellow 1-(4-sulfo-1-phenylazo)-4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid 13015 yellow 2,4-dihydroxyazobenzene-4′-sulfonic acid 14270 orange 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylazo-5-sulfonic acid)-1- 14700 red hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid 2-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid 14720 red 2-(6-sulfo-2,4-xylylazo)-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid 14815 red 1-(4′-sulfophenylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene 15510 orange 1-(2-sulfonic acid-4-chloro-5-carboxylic acid-1- 15525 red phenylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene 1-(3-methylphenylazo-4-sulfonic acid)-2- 15580 red hydroxynaphthalene 1-(4′,(8′)-sulfonic acid naphthylazo)-2- 15620 red hydroxynaphthalene 2-hydroxy-1,2′-azonaphthalene-1′-sulfonic acid 15630 red 3-hydroxy-4-phenylazo-2-naphthylcarboxylic acid 15800 red 1-(2-sulfo-4-methyl-1-phenylazo)-2-naphthylcarboxylic acid 15850 red 1-(2-sulfo-4-methyl-5-chloro-1-phenylazo)-2- 15865 red hydroxynaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid 1-(2-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-3- 15880 red carboxylic acid 1-(3-sulfo-1-phenylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid 15980 orange 1-(4-sulfo-1-phenylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid 15985 yellow Allura Red 16035 red 1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid 16185 red Acid Orange 10 16230 orange 1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonic acid 16255 red 1-(4-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid 16290 red 8-amino-2-phenylazo-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid 17200 red Acid Red 1 18050 red Acid Red 155 18130 red Acid Yellow 121 18690 yellow Acid Red 180 18736 red Acid Yellow 11 18820 yellow Acid Yellow 17 18965 yellow 4-(4-sulfo-1-phenylazo)-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-5- 19140 yellow hydroxyphrazolone-3-carboxylic acid Pigment Yellow 16 20040 yellow 2,6-(4′-sulfo-2″,4″-dimethyl)-bis-phenylazo)1,3- 20170 orange dihydroxybenzene Acid Black 1 20470 black Pigment Yellow 13 21100 yellow Pigment Yellow 83 21108 yellow Solvent Yellow 21230 yellow Acid Red 163 24790 red Acid Red 73 27290 red 2-[4′-(4″-sulfo-1″phenylazo)-7′-sulfo-1′-naphthylazo]-1- 27755 black hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid 4′-[(4″sulfo-1″-phenylazo)-7′-sulfo-1′-naphthylazo]-1- 28440 black hydroxy-8-acetylaminonaphthalene-3,5-disulfonic acid Direct Orange 34, 39, 44, 46, 60 40215 orange Food Yellow 40800 orange trans-β-apo-8′-carotinaldehyde (C₃₀) 40820 orange trans-apo-8′-carotinic acid (C₃₀)-ethyl ester 40825 orange canthaxanthin 40850 orange Acid Blue 1 42045 blue 2,4-disulfo-5-hydroxy-4′-4″- 42051 blue bis(diethylamino)triphenylcarbinol 4-[(4-N-ethyl-p-sulfobenzylamino)phenyl(4-hydroxy-2- 42053 green sulfophenyl)(methylene)-1-(N-ethyl-N-p-sulfobenzyl)-2,5- cyclohexadienimine] Acid Blue 7 42080 blue (N-ethyl-p-sulfobenzylaminophenyl-(2- 42090 blue sulfophenyl)methylene-(N-ethyl-N-p- sulfobenzyl)cyclohexadienimine Acid Green 9 42100 green diethyldisulfobenzyl-di-4-amino-2-chlorodi-2- 42170 green methylfuchsonimmonium Basic Violet 14 42510 violet Basic Violet 2 42520 violet 2′-methyl-4′-(N-ethyl-N-m-sulfobenzyl)amino-4″-(N- 42735 blue diethyl)amino-2-methyl-N-ethyl-N-m- sulfobenzylfuchsonimmonium 4′-(N-dimethyl)amino-4″-(N-phenyl)aminonaphtho-N- 44045 blue dimethylfuchsonimmonium 2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-4,4′- 44090 green bisdimethylaminonaphthofuchsinimmonium Acid Red 45100 red 3-(2′-methylphenylamino)-6-(2′-methyl-4′- 45190 violet sulfophenylamino)-9-(2″-carboxyphenyl)xanthenium salt Acid Red 50 45220 red phenyl-2-oxyfluorone-2-carboxylic acid 45350 yellow 4,5-dibromofluorescein 45370 orange 2,4,5,7-tetrabromofluorescein 45380 red Solvent Dye 45396 orange Acid Red 98 45405 red 3′,4′,5′,6′-tetrachloro-2,4,5,7-tetrabromofluorescein 45410 red 4,5-diiodofluorescein 45425 red 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein 45430 red quinophthalone 47000 yellow quinophthalonedisulfonic acid 47005 yellow Acid Violet 50 50325 violet Acid Black 2 50420 black Pigment Violet 23 51319 violet 1,2-dioxyanthraquinone, calcium-aluminum complex 58000 red 3-oxypyrene-5,8,10-sulfonic acid 59040 green 1-hydroxy-4-N-phenylaminoanthraquinone 60724 violet 1-hydroxy-4-(4′-methylphenylamino)anthraquinone 60725 violet Acid Violet 23 60730 violet 1,4-di(4′-methylphenylamino)anthraquinone 61565 green 1,4-bis(o-sulfo-p-toluidine)anthraquinone 61570 green Acid Blue 80 61585 blue Acid Blue 62 62045 blue N,N′-dihydro-1,2,1′,2′-anthraquinonazine 69800 blue Vat Blue 6; Pigment Blue 64 69825 blue Vat Orange 7 71105 orange indigo 73000 blue indigodisulfonic acid 73015 blue 4,4′-dimethyl-6,6′-dichlorothioindigo 73360 red 5,5′-dichloro-7,7′-dimethylthioindigo 73385 violet Quinacridone Violet 19 73900 violet Pigment Red 122 73915 red Pigment Blue 16 74100 blue phthalocyanine 74160 blue Direct Blue 86 74180 blue chlorinated phthalocyanines 74260 green Natural Yellow 6,19; Natural Red 1 75100 yellow bixin, norbixin 75120 orange lycopene 75125 yellow trans-alpha, beta- or gamma-carotene 75130 orange keto- and/or hydroxyl derivatives of carotene 75135 yellow guanine or pearlescent agents 75170 white 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5- 75300 yellow dione complex salt (Na,Al,Ca) of carminic acid 75470 red chlorophyll a and b; copper compounds of chlorophylls 75810 green and chlorophyllins aluminum 77000 white alumina hydrate 77002 white water-containing aluminum silicates 77004 white ultramarine 77007 blue Pigment Red 101 and 102 77015 red barium sulfate 77120 white bismuth oxychloride and mixtures thereof with mica 77163 white calcium carbonate 77220 white calcium sulfate 77231 white carbon 77266 black Pigment Black 9 77267 black Carbo medicinalis vegetabilis 77268:1 black chromium oxide 77288 green chromium oxide, water-containing 77289 green Pigment Blue 28, Pigment Green 14 77346 green Pigment Metal 2 77400 brown gold 77480 brown iron oxides and hydroxides 77489 orange iron oxides and hydroxides 77491 red iron oxide hydrate 77492 yellow iron oxide 77499 black mixtures of iron(II) and iron(III) hexacyanoferrate 77510 blue Pigment White 18 77713 white manganese ammonium diphosphate 77742 violet manganese phosphate; Mn₃(PO₄)₂*7H₂O 77745 red silver 77820 white titanium dioxide and mixtures thereof with mica 77891 white zinc oxide 77947 white 6,7-dimethyl-9-(1′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine, lactoflavin yellow caramel brown capsanthin, capsorubin orange betanin red benzopyrilium salts, anthocyanines red aluminum stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate white and calcium stearate Bromothymol Blue blue Bromocresol Green green Acid Red 195 red

Oil-soluble natural dyes, such as, for example, paprika extracts, β-carotene and cochineal are furthermore advantageous.

Also advantageously used are pearlescent pigments, e.g. pearl essence (guanine/hypoxanthine mixed crystals from fish scales) and mother of pearl (ground seashells), monocrystalline pearlescent pigments such as, for example, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl), layer substrate pigments, e.g. mica/metal oxide, silver-white pearlescent pigments from TiO₂, interference pigments (TiO₂, variable layer thickness), color luster pigments (Fe₂O₃) and combination pigments (TiO₂/Fe₂O₃, TiO₂/Cr₂O₃, TiO₂/Prussian blue, TiO₂/carmine).

Effect pigments within the context of the present invention are understood as meaning pigments which by virtue of their refraction properties produce special optical effects. Effect pigments impart to the treated surface (skin, hair, mucous membrane) luster or glitter effects or can visually conceal unevenness of the skin and skin wrinkles by means of diffuse light scattering. As a particular embodiment of the effect pigments, interference pigments are preferred. Particularly suitable effect pigments are, for example, mica particles which are coated with at least one metal oxide. Besides mica, a sheet silicate, silica gel and other SiO₂ modifications are also suitable as carriers. A metal oxide frequently used for coating is, for example, titanium oxide, to which, if desired, iron oxide can be admixed. By means of the size and shape (e.g. spherical, ellipsoidal, flat, even, uneven) of the pigment particles and by means of the thickness of the oxide coating, the reflection properties can be influenced. Also other metal oxides, e.g. bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl), and the oxides of, for example, titanium, in particular the TiO₂ modifications anatase and rutile, aluminum, tantalum, niobium, zirconium and hafnium. Effect pigments can also be prepared using magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) and calcium fluoride (fluorspar, CaF₂).

The effects can be controlled both by means of the particle size and by means of the particle size distribution of the pigment ensemble. Suitable particle size distributions extend, for example, from 2-50 μm, 5-25 μm, 5-40 μm, 5-60 μm, 5-95 μm, 5-100 μm, 10-60 μm, 10-100 μm, 10-125 μm, 20-100 μm, 20-150 μm, and <15 μm. A wider particle size distribution, for example of 20-150 μm, produces glittering effects, whereas a narrower particle size distribution of <15 μm provides for a uniform silky appearance.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more effect pigments, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight and especially preferably in an amount of from 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Preferably suitable as pearlizing component are fatty acid monoalkanolamides, fatty acid dialkanolamides, monoesters or diesters of alkylene glycols, in particular ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol or oligomers thereof, with higher fatty acids, such as, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid and behenic acid, monoesters or polyesters of glycerol with carboxylic acids, fatty acids and metal salts thereof, ketosulfones or mixtures of the specified compounds.

Particular preference is given to ethylene glycol distearates and/or polyethylene glycol distearates having on average 3 glycol units.

If the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention comprise one or more pearlizing compounds, these are preferably present in the compositions according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1 to 15.0% by weight and particularly preferably in an amount of from 1.0 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective composition according to the invention.

Fragrance and/or perfume oils which may be used are individual odorant compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon types. Odorant compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ethers, the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, the ketones include, for example, the ionones, alpha-isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone, the alcohols include anethol, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalol and terpineol; and the hydrocarbons include primarily the terpenes and balsams. Preference is given to using mixtures of different odorants which together produce a pleasing scent note.

Perfume oils may also comprise natural odorant mixtures, as are accessible from vegetable or animal sources, e.g. pine oil, citrus oil, jasmine oil, lily oil, rose oil or ylang-ylang oil. Essential oils of relatively low volatility, which in most cases are used as aromatic components, are also suitable as perfume oils, e.g. sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and ladanum oil.

Suitable for use as opacifiers are polymer dispersions, in particular polyacrylate derivative, polyacrylamide derivative, poly(acrylate derivative-co-acrylamide derivative) dispersions, poly(styrene derivative-co-acrylate derivative) dispersions, saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols.

The substances mentioned above under silicone oils and waxes may be used as silicones.

Mineral acids, in particular HCl, inorganic bases, in particular NaOH or KOH, and organic acids, in particular citric acid, may preferably be used as acids or bases for adjusting the pH.

The cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention have a pH of preferably from 2 to 11, particularly preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and especially preferably from 5.5 to 8.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are crop protection formulations.

These crop protection formulations are described below.

The crop protection formulations according to the invention comprise one or more pesticides.

The crop protection formulations according to the invention comprise the one or more compounds of component a) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the crop protection formulations according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters. However, if the crop protection formulations according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the crop protection formulations according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.06% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.01% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention the crop protection formulations according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters. However, if the crop protection formulations according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the crop protection formulations according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.4% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.2% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the crop protection formulations according to the invention have viscosities preferably in the range from 50 to 200 000 mPa·s, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 100 000 mPa·s, especially preferably in the range from 2 000 to 50 000 mPa·s and most preferably in the range from 5 000 to 30 000 mPa·s (20° C., Brookfield RVT, RV spindle set at 20 revolutions per minute).

The crop protection formulations according to the invention are preferably formulated on an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic basis or are present as solutions, emulsions or dispersions. Particularly preferably, they are present as emulsions, and especially preferably they are present as oil-in-water emulsions.

The crop protection formulations according to the invention have a pH of preferably from 2 to 11, particularly preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and especially preferably from 5.5 to 8.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are washing or cleaning compositions. These washing and cleaning compositions are described below.

The washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention are preferably liquid washing and cleaning compositions such as, for example, dishwashing liquids, surface cleaners, liquid laundry detergents, fabric conditioners, rinse aids for automatic dishwashers and liquid cleaners for automatic dishwashing.

In addition to water, the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention comprise nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants (surface-active substances) or mixtures of these.

Suitable nonionic surface-active compounds are preferably:

Adducts of 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 1 to 10 mol of propylene oxide to straight-chain fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, to fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, into fatty esters, in particular into methyl esters, having 12-22 carbon atoms, by insertion between carboxyl and alkyl group, to alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and to sorbitan or sorbitol esters. Ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty acid amides, fatty acid alkanolamides and their ethoxylates, alkyl polyglycosides and mixtures of compounds of two or more of these substance classes are likewise preferably suitable.

Suitable for use as anionic surfactants are straight-chain alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, ether sulfates and ethercarboxylic acids having 1-20 units of ethylene oxide, and also fatty soaps.

Suitable for use as cationic compounds are quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular dimethylalkylamine quat, methyldialkylamine quats and ester quats, in particular triethanolamine ester quats.

Available amphoteric surfactants are preferably alkylaminoalkylcarboxylic acids, dimethyl fatty amine oxides, amidoamine oxides, betaines, sulfobetaines and imidazoline derivatives.

The washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention may furthermore comprise solvents and solubilizers such as alcohols, in particular ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol and higher polyglycols, propylene glycol, glycol ethers, in particular butyl glycol and butyl diglycol.

For adjusting the pH of the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention, use is made of neutralizing agents such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or alkanolamines, e.g. monoethanolamine, triethanolamine or diglycolamine or acidic compounds, e.g. organic acids such as lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid or citric acid.

Further feedstocks for the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention may be additives for adjusting the viscosity, for example thickeners, complexing agents to reduce water hardness, inorganic builders such as phosphates, silicates, carbonates or organic builders such as polyacrylates, citrate and phosphonates. The washing compositions according to the invention may in particular comprise additional additives such as color protectants, soil-release polymers, color transfer inhibitors, defoamers, enzymes or bleachers.

The washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention comprise the one or more compounds of component a) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters. However, if the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.06% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.01% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters. However, if the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.4% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.2% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention have viscosities preferably in the range from 50 to 200 000 mPa·s, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 100 000 mPa·s, especially preferably in the range from 2 000 to 50 000 mPa·s and most preferably in the range from 5 000 to 30 000 mPa·s (20° C., Brookfield RVT, RV spindle set at 20 revolutions per minute).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention are present in the form of fluids, gels, foams, sprays, lotions or creams.

The washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention are preferably formulated on an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic basis or are present as solutions, emulsions or dispersions. Particularly preferably, they are present as emulsions, and especially preferably they are present as oil-in-water emulsions.

The washing and cleaning compositions according to the invention have a pH of preferably from 2 to 11, particularly preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and especially preferably from 5.5 to 8.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are paints or coating materials. These paints and coating materials are described below.

The paints and coating materials according to the invention comprise one or more inorganic or organic pigments.

Preferably, the paints or coating materials according to the invention are aqueous dispersion paints, pigment preparations, aqueous or solvent-containing varnishes, tinting pastes, printing inks, wood coatings or pigment dispersions.

In addition to the pigments, the paints or coating materials according to the invention also comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of binders, dispersants and wetting agents, water, fillers, defoamers, thickeners, extenders and solubilizers.

Suitable pigments are listed in the above table for the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention. The following inorganic pigments are preferably suitable: titanium dioxide, zinc sulfides, iron oxides, chromium oxides, cobalt oxides.

From the group of the organic pigments, azo compounds, naphthols, quinacridones, phthalocyanines are preferably employed.

Emulsion polymers are preferred for use as binders. These usually consist of polymers or copolymers of styrene, acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, butadiene, ethylene, vinyl chloride, maleic ester, isononanoic acid vinyl ester and other olefinically unsaturated monomers. Further binders are, for example, alkyd resin dispersions, polyurethane and silicone resin dispersions.

Dispersants and wetting agents available are preferably nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants, polyacrylates and salts thereof, polyurethanes, polyethers and polyamides.

In a preferred embodiment, the paints or coating materials according to the invention comprise one or more nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkylphenol polyethylene glycol ethers, styrene-substituted phenol polyethylene glycol ethers, alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers, alkylamine ethoxylates, fatty acid polyethylene glycol ethers, alkyl polyalkyl glycol ethers, terminally capped alkyl ethoxylates, ethylene/propylene glycol block polymers.

Suitable for use as anionic surfactants are straight-chain alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, ether sulfates and ethercarboxylic acids having 1-20 units of ethylene oxide.

Cationic compounds which may be employed are quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular dimethylalkylamine quat, methyldialkylamine quats and ester quats.

Suitable fillers are, for example, natural or precipitated calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, quartz meal or other mineral pigments.

Suitable defoamers are fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylates, organopolysiloxanes, silicone oils, paraffin oils or waxes.

Preferred for use as thickeners are carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, xanthan gum or guar gum.

Organic or inorganic bases and acids are used to adjust the pH. Preferred organic bases are amines such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine or diisopropylamine. Preferred inorganic bases are alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia.

The paints or coatings according to the invention comprise the one or more compounds of component a) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, especially preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and most preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the paints or coatings according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters. However, if the paints or coatings according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol and sorbitol esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the paints or coatings according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.06% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.01% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

As already mentioned, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention the paints or coatings according to the invention comprise no compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters. However, if the paints or coatings according to the invention do comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitan and sorbitan esters (where the carboxylic acid on which the acid component of these esters is based is preferably caprylic acid), these compounds together are preferably present in the paints or coatings according to the invention in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.4% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.2% by weight, especially preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.1% by weight and most preferably in an amount smaller than or equal to 0.02% by weight, the stated % by weight in each case being based on the total weight of the finished composition according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the paints or coatings according to the invention have viscosities preferably in the range from 50 to 200 000 mPa·s, particularly preferably in the range from 500 to 100 000 mPa·s, especially preferably in the range from 2 000 to 50 000 mPa·s and most preferably in the range from 5 000 to 30 000 mPa·s (20° C., Brookfield RVT, RV spindle set at 20 revolutions per minute).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the paints or coatings according to the invention are present in the form of fluids or sprays.

The paints or coatings according to the invention are preferably formulated on an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic basis or are present as solutions, emulsions or dispersions. Particularly preferably, they are present as emulsions, and especially preferably they are present as oil-in-water emulsions.

The paints or coatings according to the invention have a pH of preferably from 2 to 11, particularly preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and especially preferably from 5.5 to 8.

In an advantageous manner, mixtures of one or more compounds of the formula (I) and one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group or of premixes according to the invention are suitable for preserving cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing or cleaning compositions or paints or coatings.

Accordingly, the present invention furthermore provides the use of one or more compounds of the formula (I) and one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group or of premixes according to the invention for preserving cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing or cleaning compositions or paints or coatings. Here, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing or cleaning compositions or paints or coatings are preferably preserved against bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Particularly preferably, the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, crop protection formulations, washing or cleaning compositions or paints or coatings are preserved against yeasts and fungi and especially preferably against fungi.

The examples and applications which follow are intended to illustrate the invention in more detail, without, however, limiting it. All percentages are % by weight, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLES A) Preparation of Isosorbide Caprylate

In a stirred apparatus with distillation head, 190.0 g (1.3 mol) of isosorbide (“Sorbon” from Ecogreen Oleochemicals) and 187.5 g (1.3 mol) of octanoic acid (caprylic acid) are initially charged at 80° C. together with 0.38 g of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (18% by weight strength, aqueous) as catalyst. With stirring and under a flow of nitrogen (10-12 liters per hour), the reaction mixture is initially heated to 180° C., where the water of reaction begins to distill off. The reaction is then heated to 190° C. over a period of 1 hour and to 210° C. over a further 2 hours. After 210° C. is reached, the esterification is continued until an acid value of <1 mg KOH/g is reached. This gives 345.7 g of amber isosorbide caprylate (97% of theory). The pH (5% by weight in ethanol/water 1:1) is 5.9. The pH was measured according to DIN EN 1262.

Further Analytical Characteristics of the Isosorbide Caprylate:

-   Acid value: 0.9 mg KOH/g, measured according to DIN EN ISO 2114 -   Hydroxy value: 206 mg KOH/g, measured analogously to DIN 53240-2     according to method OHV-A -   Saponification value: 204 mg KOH/g, measured according to DIN EN ISO     3681

The isosorbide caprylate has the following composition:

Substance % by weight caprylic acid 0.4 isosorbide 18.1 isosorbide monocaprylate 50.9 isosorbide dicaprylate 30.6

Hereinbelow, this composition is referred to as “isosorbide caprylate 1”

B) Determination of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Compositions According to the Invention

Below, the antimicrobial efficacy of a composition according to the invention consisting of 50% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1 and 50% by weight of phenoxyethanol against bacteria, fungi and yeasts is examined (hereinbelow, the composition is referred to as “composition A”). For the tests with bacteria, composition A was diluted with butyl polyglycol and then, at 50° C., added to liquid CASO agar (casein-peptone agar) buffered to pH 7 (+/−0.2) in various concentrations (hereinbelow referred to as compositions B1, B2, etc.). For the tests with fungi and yeasts, composition A was diluted with butyl polyglycol and then added to liquid Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar buffered to pH 5.6 (+/−0.2) in various concentrations (hereinbelow referred to as compositions PH1, PH2, etc.). The compositions B1, B2, etc. and PH1, PH2 etc. were each poured into Petri dishes and each inoculated with identical amounts of bacteria, fungi and yeasts.

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the concentration at which inhibition of the growth of the bacteria, fungi and yeasts in the compositions B1, B2, etc. and PH1, PH2, etc. occurs.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the pure substances isosorbide caprylate 1 and phenoxyethanol were determined analogously.

The values determined for the minimum inhibitory concentrations “MIC mixture”, stated in Table 1 below, are based on the concentrations of composition A.

The values determined for the minimum inhibitory concentrations “Q_(A)” and “Q_(B)”, stated in Table 1 below, have already been corrected for the dilution effect of the butyl polyglycol.

From the minimum inhibitory concentrations determined, it is then possible to calculate whether a synergistic effect is present or not. Whether a synergistic effect is present is calculated according to F. C. Kull et al., Applied Microbiology 1961, 9, 538 using the formula below:

SE=Q _(a) /Q _(A) +Q _(b) /Q _(B)

where

-   Q_(a) is the minimum inhibitory concentration of isosorbide     caprylate 1 in the mixture employed, -   Q_(A) is the minimum inhibitory concentration of isosorbide     caprylate 1, -   Q_(b) is the minimum inhibitory concentration of phenoxyethanol in     the mixture employed and -   Q_(B) is the minimum inhibitory concentration of phenoxyethanol.

The values for Q_(a) and Q_(b) are determined from the values for the mixtures (“MIC mixture”) by multiplying the minimum inhibitory concentrations determined for Q_(a) with the factor 0.5 and for Q_(b) with the factor 0.5, because of the proportions of the ingredients—50% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1 and 50% by weight of phenoxyethanol—in composition A according to the invention examined.

If an SE value>1 is obtained, an antagonistic effect is present. If SE=1, the compounds are neutral with respect to one another, and if SE<1, a synergistic effect is present.

The results of the examination of composition A are stated in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Results of the examination of the antimicrobial efficacy of composition A MIC mixture, Q_(a), Q_(A), Q_(b), Q_(B), Bacteria (B), fungi (F) or meas. calc. meas. calc. meas. yeasts (Y) examined [ppm] [ppm] [ppm] [ppm] [ppm] SE Staphylococcus aureus (B) 3000 1500 2000 1500 10000 0.9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10000 5000 10000 5000 10000 1 (B) Escherichia coli (B) 5000 2500 5000 2500 5000 1 Enterobacter aerogenes 10000 5000 10000 5000 5000 1.5 (B) Klebsiella pneumoniae (B) 10000 5000 10000 5000 5000 1.5 Proteus vulgaris (B) 5000 2500 10000 2500 10000 0.5 Pseudomonas oleovorans 4000 2000 10000 2000 4000 0.7 (B) Citrobacter freundii (B) 10000 5000 10000 5000 5000 1.5 Candida albicans (H) 750 375 750 375 10000 0.54 Aspergillus brasiliensis (P) 750 375 750 375 5000 0.58 Penicillium minioluteum 500 250 750 250 5000 0.38 (P) Aspergillus terreus (P) 750 375 750 375 5000 0.58 Fusarium solani (P) 750 375 750 375 5000 0.58 Penicillium funicolosium 750 375 750 375 2000 0.69 (P) meas.: measured; calc.: calculated

The results listed in Table 1 show that a composition according to the invention consisting of 50% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1 and 50% by weight of phenoxyethanol in particular for the yeasts and fungi tested has a synergistic effect with respect to their antimicrobial activity.

C) Antimicrobial Activity of the Constituents of Isosorbide Caprylate 1

Caprylic acid is antimicrobially effective. However, since in the composition “isosorbide caprylate 1” caprylic acid is present in an amount of only 0.4% by weight, its antimicrobial efficacy in this composition is so low that it is negligible. In addition, caprylic acid has no antimicrobial activity at a pH of 6 or above.

Analogously to the determination of the antimicrobial activity according to the above example B), the antimicrobial activity of a mixture comprising, firstly, 89.6% by weight of isosorbide dicaprylate and 9.4% by weight of isosorbide monocaprylate (remainder: 1% by weight) (hereinbelow referred to as “isosorbide dicaprylate”) and, secondly, pure isosorbide was determined in further test series. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isosorbide dicaprylate and isosorbide MIC of isosorbide MIC of Bacteria (B), fungi (F) or yeasts (Y) dicaprylate isosorbide examined [ppm] [ppm] Staphylococcus aureus (B) 10000 10000 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B) 10000 10000 Escherichia coli (B) 10000 10000 Enterobacter aerogenes (B) 10000 10000 Klebsiella pneumoniae (B) 10000 10000 Proteus vulgaris (B) 10000 10000 Pseudomonas oleovorans (B) 10000 10000 Citrobacter freundii (B) 10000 10000 Candida albicans (Y) 10000 10000 Aspergillus brasiliensis (F) 10000 10000 Penicillium minioluteum (F) 10000 10000 Aspergillus terreus (F) 10000 10000 Fusarium solani (F) 5000 10000 Penicillium funicolosium (F) 5000 10000

As shown by the results of Table 2, neither isosorbide nor isosorbide dicaprylate are antimicrobially active.

From the lack of antimicrobial activity of the compounds caprylic acid, isosorbide and isosorbide dicaprylate present in the composition isosorbide caprylate 1 on the one hand and from the antimicrobial activity of the composition “isosorbide dicaprylate 1” evident from the results of table 1 on the other hand (see minimum inhibitory concentration Q_(A) for isosorbide caprylate 1 in Table 1), it can be concluded that the compound isosorbide monocaprylate likewise present in the composition isosorbide caprylate 1 has significant antimicrobial activity.

For this reason, it is also thought that the low activity of the composition isosorbide dicaprylate with respect to the fungi Fusarium solani and Penicillium funicolosium is due to the compound isosorbide monocaprylate present therein.

D) Use Examples I) Examples of the Compositions According to the Invention Examples a)-d)

Compositions consisting of

-   a) 50% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1, 50% by weight of     phenoxyethanol -   b) 25% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1, 75% by weight of     phenoxyethanol -   c) 75% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1, 25% by weight of     phenoxyethanol -   d) 40% by weight of isosorbide caprylate 1, 20% by weight of     phenoxyethanol, 20% by weight of benzyl alcohol, 20% by weight of     benzoic acid

The compositions of examples a) to d) are prepared by successively admixing the individual components with stirring on a finger stirrer at stirring rates of 200-300 revolutions/minute, with an initial charge of liquid isosorbide caprylate 1 heated to 80° C.

II) Examples of Cosmetic Formulations According to the Invention

The following cosmetic formulations, crop protection formulations, washing and cleaning compositions and paints and coatings 1-41 are prepared using compositions according to the invention of examples a)-d):

Formulation Examples 1-4 Hair Care Gels for Strong Hold and Excellent Styling

Formulation No. 1 2 3 4 Amount of the respective Ingredient ingredient [% by weight] Aristoflex ® AVC 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 carbomer — 0.5 0.5 — NaOH — q.s. q.s. — PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 1.0 1.0 1.0 — fragrance 0.3 0.3 — 0.3 ethanol (96% by weight in water) 10.0  10.0  5.0 — Diaformer ® Z-712 N 4.5 4.5 — 6.0 (acrylates/lauryl acrylate/stearyl acrylate/ethylamine oxide methacrylate) Luviskol ® VA 64 (PVP/VA) 3.0 3.0 5.0 — propylene glycol 1.0 1.0 — 1.0 panthenol 0.5 0.5 — — dyestuff solution q.s. q.s. q.s. — Example a)-d) according to the 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 invention

Preparation:

Aristoflex® AVC is dissolved in water. If carbomer is added, the mixture is subsequently neutralized with NaOH to pH=7. The other components are optionally mixed with PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil and stirred into the thickened aqueous phase.

Formulation Example 5 O/W Exfoliating Cream with High Electrolyte Content (Na Glycolate)

% by Phase Ingredient weight A PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate 1.5 B water ad 100 C mineral oil 5.0 caprylyl trimethicone 3.0 D Aristoflex ® AVC 1.2 E glycolic acid 30% by weight in water 6.0 (neutralized with NaOH to pH = 4) Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.6 F laureth-7 3.0

Preparation:

A is dissolved with heating in phase B. Phase C is dispersed in phase D and stirred into the aqueous phase. Phases E and F are then stirred in.

Formulation Example 6 W/O Skin Care Milk

% by Phase Ingredient weight A amodimethicone glycerocarbamate 2.0 cyclopentasiloxane 5.0 paraffin oil 3.5 apricot kernel oil 1.0 grape seed oil 0.5 microcrystalline wax 0.7 stearic acid 0.5 ethylhexyl cocoate 7.0 B Aristoflex ® AVC 0.3 C water ad 100 glycerol 3.5 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.5

Preparation:

Oil phase A is heated to 80° C. and polymer B is stirred in. Phase C is added slowly in small portions with vigorous stirring, and the mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature.

Formulation Example 7 Makeup Remover with Excellent Skin Feel

% by Phase Ingredient weight A isopropyl C₁₂₋₁₅ pareth-9 carboxylate 5.0 B sodium cocoyl glutamate 2.3 (25% by weight strength solution in water) cocamidopropyl betaine 3.0 (30% by weight strength solution in water) laureth-7 2.0 water ad 100 allantoin 0.3 polypropylene terephthalate 1.0 1,6-hexanediol 2.0 propylene glycol 2.0 PEG-8 2.0 panthenol 0.5 poloxamer 407 3.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.8 Aristoflex ® HMB 1.0

Preparation:

The components of B are dissolved successively in A

Formulation Example 8 Shampoo/Shower Gel with Suspended Particles

% by Phase Ingredient weight A water ad 100 B Aristoflex ® TAC 2.0 C sodium laureth sulfate (30% by weight in water) 18.5 perfume 0.5 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.4 D sodium cocoyl glutamate 20.0 (25% by weight strength solution in water) E synthetic wax 0.2

Preparation:

Aristoflex® TAC is dissolved in water, phases C, D and E are then introduced successively and the mixture is homogenized.

Formulation Example 9 Clear Deodorizing Gel

% by Phase Ingredient weight A PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 1.0 perfume 0.1 B ethanol (96% by weight in water) 25.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.4 C propylene glycol 20.0 diisopropyl adipate 1.0 water ad 100 D Aristoflex ® AVC 1.3 E citric acid q.s.

Preparation:

Phase A is mixed, phase B and phase C are then added in succession and the pH is adjusted to 5.5 using phase E. Phase D is then stirred in until a homogenous clear gel is formed.

Formulation Example 10 Mattifying Serum

% by Phase Ingredient weight A water ad 100 B glycerol 3.0 Aristoflex ® HMB 0.5 caprylyl methicone 1.5 cyclomethicone and dimethicone crosspolymer 1.0 (Dow Corning 9040 silicone elastomer blend) fragrance 0.15 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.4

Preparation:

The components of B are stirred in successively into phase A.

Formulation Example 11 Skin Whitening Gel

% by Phase Ingredient weight A allantoin 0.5 B water ad 100 C xanthan gum 0.5 D ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 2.0 E NaOH (25% by weight strength solution in water) q.s. F glycerol 10.0 ethanol (96% by weight in water) 10.0 PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone 1.0 (Dow Corning ® 190, Dow Corning) PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 0.8 G Aristoflex ® AVS 1.0 H NaOH (25% by weight strength solution in water) q.s. I Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.6

Preparation:

Phase A is dissolved in phase B with heating, phase C is stirred in, phase D is added and the pH is adjusted to 6.5 using phase E. Phase F is mixed and then added, phase G is then added and the mixture is stirred until a homogeneous gel is obtained. If appropriate, the pH is adjusted to 6.5 using phase H, and phase I is stirred in.

Formulation Example 12

Elegant O/W Skin Care Body Lotion with Low Tackiness

% by Phase Ingredient weight A caprylic/capric triglyceride 3.5 myristyl myristate 2.5 cetearyl alcohol 2.0 glyceryl stearate citrate 1.0 octyldodecanol 1.0 B Aristoflex ® AVC 0.6 C water ad 100 glycerol 7.5 D ethanol (96% by weight in water) 3.0 dimethicone 3.0 tocopheryl acetate 1.0 Aloe barbadensis 1.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.7 fragrance q.s. E NaOH (10% by weight in water) q.s.

Preparation:

Phase A is melted at 70° C., phase B is poured in and phase C, heated to 70° C., is stirred in. After cooling to 35° C., phase D is stirred in and the pH is then adjusted to 6 using phase E.

Formulation Example 13 Surfactant-Free Anti-Aging O/W Gel Cream with Wrinkle-Reducing Action

% by Phase Ingredient weight A dicaprylyl ether 5.0 caprylic/capric triglyceride 5.0 cetearyl alcohol 2.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.6 B ubiquinone 0.1 C Aristoflex ® HMB 1.1 D sodium hyaluronate (Dekluron) 0.3 glycerol 8.0 E water ad 100 mica and titanium dioxide and tin oxide 0.5 (Prestige ® Soft Orange, Eckart) F tocopheryl acetate 0.3 G NaOH (10% by weight in water) q.s.

Preparation:

Phase A is melted at 80° C., phase B and phase C are stirred in successively. Phase D is pre-dissolved in phase E and added. Phase F is stirred in at 35° C., and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 using phase G. A gel cream is formed.

Formulation Example 14 Surfactant-Free Anti-Aging O/W Gel Cream

% by Phase Ingredient weight A dicaprylyl ether 5.0 caprylic/capric triglyceride 5.0 cetearyl alcohol 2.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.8 B ubiquinone 0.1 C Aristoflex ® HMB 1.1 D xanthan gum 0.2 glycerol 8.0 E water ad 100 mica and titanium dioxide and tin oxide 0.5 (Prestige ® Soft Orange, Eckart) F tocopheryl acetate 0.3 G NaOH (10% by weight in water) q.s.

Preparation:

Phase A is melted at 80° C., phase B and phase C are stirred in successively. Phase D is pre-dissolved in phase E and added. Phase F is stirred in at 35° C., and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 using phase G. A gel cream is formed.

Formulation Example 15

O/W Self-Tanning Cream with Moisturizing Effect

% by Phase Ingredient weight A cetyl phosphate 1.0 glyceryl stearate 0.5 cetearyl alcohol 0.5 isohexadecane 8.0 isopropyl palmitate 7.0 caprylyl methicone 1.0 B Aristoflex ® AVS 1.0 C water ad 100 sodium cocoyl glutamate 0.5 glycerol 5.0 NaOH (10% by weight in water) 0.5 D tocopheryl acetate 1.0 fragrance 0.2 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.5 E dihydroxyacetone 5.0 water 8.0

Preparation:

Phase A is melted at 80° C., phase B and phase C are stirred in successively. Phase D is added at 30° C. and finally phase E is stirred in. This results in a cream having a pH of 4.2.

Formulation Examples 16-21

W/O Sun Protection Formulations with High Protection Factor

Formulation No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 Amount of the respective Ingredient ingredient [% by weight] C₁₂₋₁₅ alkyl benzoate 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 caprylic/capric triglyceride 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 octocrylene 9.0 — 5.0 4.0 — — ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 7.0 7.0 7.0 — 6.0 6.0 butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane 2.5 — 2.5 — — — disodium phenyl — — — — — 3.0 dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate ethylhexyl — — — — 2.0 — bisisopentylbenzoxazolylphenyl- melamine diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl — — 2.0 1.0 — — hexyl benzoate bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol — 3.0 — 2.0 4.0 3.0 methoxyphenyl triazine methylene bisbenzotriazolyl — 3.0 — — — 2.0 tetramethylbutylphenol ethylhexyl triazone — — — 3.0 — — diethylhexyl butamido triazone — — — — 2.0 — polysilicone-15 — — 2.0 — — — phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic — — — 3.0 — — acid titanium dioxide — 5.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 cetearyl alcohol 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 sunflower seed oil sorbitol esters 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Example a)-d) according to the 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 invention potassium cetylphosphate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Aristoflex ® AVC 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 water ad ad ad ad ad ad 100 100 100 100 100 100 nylon — 0.5 — — — — bisethylhexyl — — 1.0 — — — hydroxydimethoxy benzylmalonate talc — — — — 0.5 —

Preparation:

For the preparation, the oil-soluble components were heated to 80° C., potassium cetylphosphate and Aristoflex® AVC were poured in and the combined water-soluble phases were slowly, with vigorous stirring, introduced into the oil phase. The emulsions formed were allowed to cool to room temperature while stirring.

The sun protection filters used in formulation examples 16-21, their trade names and their UV protection range are listed in the table below.

Protection range (UV-A/ Sun protection filter Trade name UV-B) octocrylene Neo Heliopan ® 303 B ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate Neo Heliopan ® AV B butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane Neo Heliopan ® 357, A Parsol ® 1789 disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole Neo Heliopan ® AP A tetrasulfonate ethylhexyl Uvasorb ® K2A A bisisopentylbenzoxazolylphenyl- melamine diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl Uvinul ® A Plus A benzoate bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol Tinosorb ® S A/B methoxyphenyl triazine methylene bisbenzotriazolyl Tinosorb ® M A/B tetramethylbutylphenol ethylhexyl triazone Uvinul ® T 150 B diethylhexyl butamido triazone Uvasorb ® HEB B polysilicone-15 Parsol ® SLX B phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid B

Formulation Example 22 O/W Sun Protection Cream

% by Phase Ingredient weight A ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 6.0 ethylhexyltriazone 2.0 benzophenone-3 2.0 BHT 0.05 B Aristoflex ® AVS 1.5 trilaureth-4 phosphate 2.0 polyglyceryl-2 sesquiisostearate 1.0 caprylyl methicone 1.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.7 PVP/hexadecene copolymer 1.0 tocopheryl acetate 0.5 fragrance 0.2 C water ad 100 disodium EDTA 0.1 D methylene bisbenzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol 4.0 E triethanolamine q.s.

Preparation:

Phase A is homogenized and dissolved at 60° C. and stirred into phase B, phase C is then added with stirring and the mixture is stirred at 300 revolutions per minute. Phase D is then stirred in, and the pH is adjusted to 6.8-7.2 using E.

Formulation Example 23 Sprayable O/W Lotion

% by Phase Ingredient weight A trilaureth-4 phosphate 1.0 mineral oil 8.0 isopropyl palmitate 3.0 cetearyl alcohol 0.5 caprylic/capric triglyceride 2.0 glyceryl stearate 0.5 caprylyl methicone 1.0 B Aristoflex ® AVC 0.2 C water ad 100 glycerol 5.0 D fragrance 0.3 ethanol (96% by weight in water) 5.0 E Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.6

Preparation:

Phase A is heated to 60° C., phase B is stirred in, phase C is then added with stirring and the mixture is stirred at 300 revolutions per minute and allowed to cool. Phase D is stirred in at 35° C., phase E is added and the mixture is then homogenized.

Formulation Example 24

O/W Foundation

% by Phase Ingredient weight A hydrogenated polydecene 9.0 caprylic/capric triglyceride 5.0 caprylyl trimethicone 4.0 caprylyl methicone 3.0 steareth-2 1.6 steareth-20 2.4 Aristoflex ® HMB 0.4 B kaolin 1.5 talc 3.0 iron oxide 7.9 C glycerol 5.0 water ad 100 D Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.6 fragrance q.s.

Preparation:

Phase A is heated to 70° C., phase C is heated to 70° C. Phase B is stirred into phase A, phase C is then added and the mixture is thoroughly homogenized. After cooling to below 40° C., phase D is added and the mixture is homogenized for one minute.

Formulation Example 25 Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

% by Phase Ingredient weight A Example a)-d) according to the invention 1.0 B water 10.0 C sodium laureth sulfate 30.0 D climbazole 0.5 E 1,2-propylene glycol 2.0 F sodium cocoyl glutamate 4.0 fragrance 0.3 water ad 100 Merquat ® 550 0.5 polyquaternium 7 0.5 panthenol sodium salicylate 1.0 Genagen ® KB (Clariant) 8.0 coco betaine dyestuff solution q.s. G sodium chloride 1.0

Preparation:

I A is mixed with B. II C is added to I and the mixture is stirred, until a clear solution is obtained. III D is dissolved in E and the solution is added to II. IV The components of F are successively stirred into III. V The pH is adjusted to 6.0-6.5. VI The viscosity is adjusted using G.

Formulation Example 26

Anti-Acne Face Cleanser

% by Phase Ingredient weight A Genagen ® CAB (Clariant) 10.0 cocamidopropyl betaine B fragrance 0.2 Hostapon ® CLG (Clariant) 2.0 cocoyl lauroyl glutamate Hostapon ® CT Paste (Clariant) 2.0 sodium methyl cocoyl taurate glycerol 1.0 Aristoflex ® PEA (Clariant) 1.0 polypropylene terephthalate Cetiol ® HE (Cognis) 1.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 1.0 Aloe vera gel conc. 1.0 Water (and) Aloe barbadensis gel Extrapone camomile 1.0 water (and) ethoxydiglycol (and) propylene glycol (and) Matricaria extract (and) butylene glycol (and) glycose (and) bisabolol water ad 100 D-panthenol 0.5 C citric acid q.s.

Preparation:

I A is initially charged and the components of B are added successively with stirring II The pH is adjusted to 5.5-6.0 using C

Formulation Example 27 Scalp Gel

% by Phase Ingredient weight A Promyristyl ® PM-3 6.0 PPG-3 myristyl ether Lamesoft ® PO 65 3.0 coco-glucoside (and) glyceryl oleate Cetiol ® SB 45 2.0 Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) B water ad 100 glycerol 4.0 sodium salicylate 2.0 allantoin (Clariant) 0.4 allantoin Merquat 2001 0.5 polyquatemium-47 C urea 10.0 D Aristoflex ® AVC (Clariant) 1.8 ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer E Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.6 F lactic acid q.s.

Preparation

I The components of A are mixed and dissolved at 50° C. II The components of B are mixed with stirring and gentle heating. III C is dissolved at about 25° C. in II. IV D is added to I. V III is stirred into IV. VI E is added. VII The pH is adjusted to 5.0 using F

Formulation Example 28 Solution for Wet Wipe

% by Phase Ingredient weight A propylene glycol 3.0 Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.8 B water ad 100 Genagen ® KB 3.0 coco-betaine Genamin ® PQ43 0.7 polyquaternium-43 Aristoflex ® AVC 0.1 ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer C citric acid q.s. I The components of A are mixed. II The components of B are mixed. III II is added to I. IV The pH is adjusted to pH 6.0 using C.

Formulation Examples 29 and 30

Crop Protection Formulations

Formulation No. 29 30 Amount of the respective ingredient Ingredient [% by weight] atrazine 43.6 43.6 Dispersogen ® PSL 100 — 1.7 Genapol ® LSS — 1.6 Dispersogen ® LFS 2.1 — propylene glycol 4.3 4.3 Defoamer SE 57 0.6 0.6 Kelzan ® S (2% by weight 7.3 7.3 in water) Example a)-d) according to the 0.5 0.5 invention water ad 100 ad 100

Preparation:

The active ingredient is pre-dispersed with the other ingredients (except for the Kelzan® S solution) and then subjected to fine grinding until the mean particle size is <2 micrometers. The Kelzan® S solution is then stirred in.

Formulation Examples 31-33

Dishwashing Liquids

Formulation No. 31 32 33 Amount of the respective Ingredient ingredient [% by weight] Hostapur ® SAS 60 (alkanesulfonate, 40 10 20 60% by weight in water) Genapol ® LRO paste (ether sulfate 11 8.5 8.5 with 2 EO, 70% by weight in water) Genaminox ® LA (dimethyllauramine — — 3 oxide, 30% by weight in water) Genagen ® CAB (cocoamidopropyl 3 6 — betaine, 30% by weight in water) Example a)-d) according to the 0.4 0.2 0.3 invention water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100

Formulation Examples 34-37 Surface Cleaners (All-Purpose Cleaners)

Formulation No. 34 35 36 37 Amount of the respective Ingredient ingredient [% by weight] Hostapur ® SAS 60 5 — — — (alkanesulfonate, 60% by weight in water) Genapol ® UD 080 2 — — — (undecanol + 8 EO) Genaminox ® LA — 2 6 — (dimethyllauramine oxide, 30% by weight in water) potassium cocoate (soap) — — 2 2 mono-/triethanolamine 1:1 — 1 — — sodium citrate — — 3 3 Example a)-d) according to the   0.2   0.1   0.2   0.2 invention water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 ad 100

Preparation:

Half of the amount of water is initially charged and the components are stirred in the same order as listed in the table. The remaining amount of water is then added. This gives clear aqueous cleaning compositions

Formulation Example 38 Mild Detergent

% by Phase Ingredient weight A fatty acid 3.0 potassium hydroxide (85% by weight in water) 0.6 B distilled water ad 100 C Hostapur ® SAS 60 (alkanesulfonate, 60% by weight in 23.3 water) Genapol ® LRO liq 25.0 (ether sulfate with 2 EO; 30% by weight in water) Genapol ® UD 080 (undecanol with 8 EO) 6.0 D Texcare ® SRN 170 (soil release polymer) 1.5 citric acid monohydrate 0.2 E Example a)-d) according to the invention 0.5

Preparation:

I Components A are initially charged. II B is heated to 40-50° C., added and dissolved completely. III C are added successively, with thorough stirring. IV D are added in the indicated order. V Finally addition of E.

This gives a slightly turbid solution having a pH (1 g/l in water, 20° C.) of 7.5.

Formulation Examples 39-41 Coating

Formulation No. 39 40 41 Amount of the respective Ingredient ingredient [% by weight] titanium dioxide (1) 20 22 18 binder based on 22 — — styrene acrylate copolymer (2a) binder based on — 37.5 — acrylic acid/methacrylate copolymer (2b) binder based on vinyl acetate/ethylene — — 15 copolymer (2c) dispersant based on polyacrylic acid (3) 0.5 — 0.4 Genapol ® ED 3060 (4) — 0.3 — hydroxyethylcellulose 10000 (5a) 2 2 — hydroxyethylcellulose 30000 (5b) — — 0.4 calcium carbonate (6) 18 17 24 talc (7a) 2 — — White Crown Clay (7b) — 2 — Antimussol 4846 N (8) 0.2 0.4 0.1 sodium hydroxide solution (10% by — 0.25 0.2 weight in water) (9a) ammonia (25% by weight in water) (9b) 0.2 — — Example a)-d) according to the 0.8 1.0 0.75 invention (10) water (11) ad 100 ad 100 ad 100

Preparation of Formulation Example 39

I Components 11, 5a, 3 and 8 are initially charged and mixed by stirring with a dissolver disk II Components 1, 6 and 7a are mixed by stirring using a spatula III Using the dissolver disk, II is added to I IV Components 9b, 2a and 10 are then added

Formulation Examples 40 and 41 are Prepared Analogously to Formulation Example 39.

The statement “example a)-d) according to the invention” used in formulation examples 1-41 means that each of the formulation examples 1-41 can be prepared using any one of the compositions according to examples a)-d) according to the invention. 

1. A composition comprising a) one or more compounds of the formula (I)

in which R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon atoms, and b) one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group.
 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radical R in formula (I) is a straight-chain saturated alkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms.
 3. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the radical R in formula (I) is a straight-chain saturated alkyl radical having 7 carbon atoms.
 4. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the one or more substances of component b) are selected from compounds of the formula (II)

in which X is O or CH₂, Y is H, CH₃, OH or OCH₃, Z is H or a halogen atom, where the halogen atom is preferably selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br, and the compound of the formula (II) may contain 1 to 4 halogen atoms Z, and R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group which contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms and in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxyl groups (OH groups) or is a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated, preferably monounsaturated, alkenyl group which contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxyl groups (OH groups).
 5. The composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein Z in the formula (II) is H.
 6. The composition as claimed in claim 4 or 6, wherein Y in the formula (II) is H.
 7. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 4 to 6, wherein the one or more substances of component b) are selected from the group consisting of phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, phenoxypropanol and phenylethyl alcohol.
 8. The composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the substance of component b) is phenoxyethanol.
 9. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 8, which comprises I) from 0.05 to 0.7, preferably from 0.1 to 0.7 and particularly preferably from 0.2 to 0.5 part by weight of isosorbide and II) from 0.1 to 1.0, preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 and particularly preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 part by weight of isosorbide diester of the formula

where R has the meaning given for formula (I) and where the isosorbide diester is preferably isosorbide dicaprylate, in each case based on 1.0 part by weight of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) and preferably based on 1.0 part by weight of isosorbide monocaprylate.
 10. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 9, which additionally comprises one or more sorbitan esters of sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH, preferably selected from sorbitan esters from 1,4- and/or 1,5-sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH where R^(a) is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl group having 5 to 11, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 7 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) to the one or more sorbitan esters just mentioned is from 70:30 to 100:0, preferably from 80:20 to 100:0, particularly preferably from 90:10 to 100:0 and especially preferably from 95:5 to 100:0.
 11. The composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the one or more sorbitan esters of sorbitan and carboxylic acids R^(a)COOH are selected from sorbitan esters of sorbitan and caprylic acid and are preferably selected from sorbitan esters of 1,4- and/or 1,5-sorbitan and caprylic acid and the sorbitan ester is particularly preferably sorbitan monocaprylate.
 12. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 11, which comprises, in addition to the one or more compounds of the formula (I), one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, sorbitol esters, sorbitan, sorbitan esters, isosorbide, isosorbide diesters and carboxylic acids, where the carboxylic acids themselves and the carboxylic acids on which the acid components of the esters mentioned are based correspond to the formula RCOOH in which R has the meaning given for formula (I), and the hydroxyl value of the mixture of the one or more compounds of the formula (I) and the one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, sorbitol esters, sorbitan, sorbitan esters, isosorbide, isosorbide diesters and carboxylic acids is smaller than or equal to 320, preferably smaller than or equal to 285, particularly preferably smaller than or equal to 245 and especially preferably smaller than or equal to
 225. 13. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 12, which comprises the one or more compounds of component a) in amounts of from 10.0 to 90.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 20.0 to 80.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 30.0 to 70.0% by weight and especially preferably in amounts of from 40.0 to 60.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) in amounts of from 10.0 to 90.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 20.0 to 80.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 30.0 to 70.0% by weight and especially preferably in amounts of from 40.0 to 60.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition.
 14. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 12, wherein it is a cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition, a crop protection formulation, a washing and cleaning composition or a paint and coating.
 15. The composition as claimed in claim 14, which comprises the one or more compounds of component a) in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and especially preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight and the one or more substances of component b) in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and especially preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition.
 16. The composition as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein it is formulated on an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic basis or is present as a solution, emulsion or dispersion and is preferably present as an emulsion.
 17. The composition as claimed in one or more of claims 14 to 16, wherein it has a pH of from 2 to 11, preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and particularly preferably from 5.5 to
 8. 18. The use of one or more compounds of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1 and one or more alcohols comprising at least one aromatic group or of a composition as claimed in claim 13 for preserving a cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition, a crop protection formulation, a washing or cleaning composition or a paint or coating.
 19. The use as claimed in claim 18, wherein the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition, the crop protection formulation, the washing or cleaning composition or the paint or coating is preserved against bacteria, yeasts and fungi and preferably against yeasts and fungi. 